The U.S. Marines fought for five weeks to establish control over Iwo Jima. From February 19, 1945 to March 26th, the brave men assigned to Operation Detachment struggled across the rough volcanic ground to destroy the radar stations and capture three airfields from the Japanese Imperial Army. They had expected the battle to last one week, but what they found there was different from any other island they had attacked.
Iwo Jima, a mountainous island situated directly off Japan, 2 miles wide by 4 miles long, was seen as the last stronghold before the Allies reached the mainland. The Japanese realized they could not win the battle on this island, but they could inflict great losses on their enemy and, hopefully, deter an invasion on Japan’s homeland. Beginning in March of 1944, under the command of Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, over 20,500 Japanese soldiers arrived on Iwo. They began excavating eleven miles of the Nanpo Bunker out of volcanic rock–creating underground tunnels supplied with ammunition, food, water, gasoline and, most importantly, the ability to quickly move troops to different locations. Tanks, pill boxes, land mines, mortars and kamikaze pilots all waited for the U.S. Marines to land. Yet, over 18,000 of the Land of the Rising Sun forces would perish either from battle or by seppuku, Japanese ritual suicide.
The Japanese were a fierce opponent, loyal to their Emperor Michinomiya Hirohito, and fed propaganda which portrayed American soldiers as animals who would deliver a slow horrific death on all who surrendered.
The U.S. threw everything they had into this battle, Navajo code talkers, Sherman tanks with flamethrowers, flying P-51 Mustangs for close air support, battleships and nearly 70 thousand U.S. Marines.
“We should not have attacked all those small islands,” Captain Richard (Dick) McNees told me once, shaking his head with the memory. “We should have gone straight into Japan. All those men lost.”
Dick and his brother were among the lucky ones to live through those weeks of hell. In fact, Dick was flying his bomber over the same beaches his brother was approaching with the Underwater Demolition Team.
For the U.S., the tally of those not so lucky over those 36 days resulted in more than 26,000 American causalities, of which 6,800 souls were lost.
Many sided with Dick’s interpretation, because the island was rendered useless for Army or Navy bases. However, the Seabee’s reconstructed the airfields as emergency landing for the Air Force B-29s.
In a perfect world, Japan would not have attacked the United States on December 7, 1941, drawing us into a horrific battle. They finally capitulated, having been ‘shocked’ into surrendering by the U.S. bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, announcing their intent to surrender on August 15, 1945, ending World War II. However, during those four years and eight months, millions of lives were lost around the globe, making this truly a world at war.
When we hear about Chichi Jima, Iwo Jima, and the other islands where battles raged, we must continue to remember, and to thank, the courageous Americans who spilled their blood, and who remained dedicated against heavy odds, to provide us with freedom. Peace came at a great expense.
In the fall of 1941, a young U.S. Navy Ensign, Richard McNees, had time on his hands while he waited at the San Diego Naval Base to be shipped to Hawaii for duty. Originally from Salem, Oregon, then Washington State, Dick had just completed his training at the navy’s boot camp in Great Lakes, situated in northern Chicago. Restless, he spent his three weeks back on the West Coast reading navy regulations on how to handle top secret information. Boredom was directing his future.
Being a Sunday, at 7:00 a.m. the morning of December 7, 1941, most of the sailors were still in bed. Dick and three others were in the mess hall enjoying their breakfast as the duty officers were returning from their scouting missions in their PBY’s. They had canvased the southern portion of the island and were back to give their reports. The first two pilots sauntered in, relaxed, it had been a beautiful sunrise with the ghost of the full moon suspended over the Pali Mountains. But then the third scout arrived breathless. Ensign Bill Tanner, commander of a PBY, had patrolled the shore to the north of Pearl Harbor and spotted a submerged submarine. He dropped a depth charge which brought the sub to the surface, and radioed in his findings. (Later it would be discovered that the USS Ward, patrolling nearby, received the transmission and sunk the Japanese Ko-hyoteki class two-man midget submarine as it was attempting to enter Pearl Harbor.)
As a fighter pilot, Dick led formations in several battles. He survived the battles of Midway, Tinian, Le Shima, (now Lejima), Iwo Jima, where his brother was going ashore as a navy seal, and Okinawa, to mention a few. His career spanned 35 years and he flew over 40 different types of planes.
