“We must somehow maneuver them into firing the first shot.” President Roosevelt declared prior to the outbreak of World War II.
The “them” he referred to—none other than a vital part of the Axis seeking control of the Pacific–The Japanese.
Crippled by the isolationist American public and Congress, who refused to enter another war, the Commander in Chief of the armed forces straddled the fine line of support for the British, Canadians, Dutch, known as the ABCD, and his duty to his public.
The Japanese must fire the first shot!
Without a doubt, this aggressive action would anger our sleeping country and insight Congress to declare war. But how to accomplish this task without the U.S. firing first?
President Franklin Delanor Roosevelt & Prime Minister Winston Churchill at the Argentina Conference, 1941.
Steps had already been taken toward U.S. involvement as America found itself surrounded by the spreading threat of war.
Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease Act with Britain, China, the Soviet Union and other Allied countries on March 11, 1941, therefore, in essence, the United States had entered the war de facto against Germany.
In August of 1941, at the secret Argentina Conference, at the U.S. Naval Station off Newfoundland, Roosevelt assured Prime Minister Winston Churchill of America’s support if Japan attacked their holdings in the Far East.
November 27th brought the “war warning,” forwarded to Admiral Kimmel and General Walter Short at Pearl Harbor on the peaceful Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Yet, this “vague” communique was misinterpreted, leaving little preparation for the ultimate assault by the Land of the Rising Sun on December 7, 1941.
“Higashi no kaze ame,” crackled across the airways at Station M, the Navy’s East Coast shortwave monitoring station in Maryland, the morning of December 4th. Translated into “East Wind, Rain,” this sobering signal sent out by the Japanese indicated communication with American had ‘broken down’. Therefore, Emperor Hirohito, at the advice of his Prime Minister Tojo, intended to declare war against the United States.
Yet, the anxious President and his men had not been idly waiting. The question had become—
What to use as bait to provoke the first shot?
Map of the journey of the Lanikai after the attack by the Japanese on the Philippines
Cruise of the Lanikai by Kemp Tolley
Secretly, FDR agreed to a plan.
The “three small ships” directive.
A young Naval Officer, Lieutenant Kemp Tolley, was summoned from the Yangtze Patrol to Manila in early December, and assigned the USS Lanikai, a ship no one had ever heard of before.
That is unless one remembered the schooner used in John Ford’s 1937 Hollywood extravaganza Hurricane, starring the sultry Dorothy Lamour.
Yes, this 83-foot, two-masted schooner was mounted with a Spanish-American vintage three-pounder “cannon” and two 30-caliber Lewis machine guns from World War I, alongside other small arms, and told to set sail. Their orders were not to be opened until the USS Lanaki was at sea. The night before their departure, Captain Tolley, his unimposing crew, composed of a few navy men and Filipino’s who didn’t speak English, were guided through the mine fields outside Manila. The Lanakai anchored at Corregidor, ready to embark on their mission at sunrise. As the tides of life would have it, the Japanese came to them early the next morning of December 8, 1941. (December 7th in Hawaii due to the time zone change.)
This assignment mirrored the other private yacht turned man-of-war, the USS Isabel. She and her crew had been sent a few days earlier, according to the president’s orders, to the “COAST BETWEEN CAMRANH BAY AND CAPE ST. JACQUES”. However, being shadowed by a Japanese scout plane and recognized as a U.S. warship, the enemy did not fire at her. The Imperial Japanese Navy could not afford to interfere with their months of strategy and preparation for the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines. The Isabel was called back to Manila, the capitol of the Philippines, just as the Japanese bombers arrived to deliver death and lay waste to that county. Interestingly, this American stronghold would be abandoned by General MacArthur and declared an “Open City.” War shows no mercy.
Luckily, the third schooner selected, Molly Moore, half Lanakai’s size, did not have to be used to lure anyone into battle, as the war had already erupted.
Bravery comes in all shapes and sizes. To sail forth in a small yacht assigned the secret mission to be the bait to lure Japan to fire the first shot at you to start the war, was a tall order. Some have called it a suicide mission, a one-way ticket, a cause belli, bait. Any name you give the scheme of the “three small ships” proves only one thing.
When our soldiers, sailors, or airmen enlist, they are committing to more than just a chance to serve their country. They are offering their very lives.
We must not lose sight of the fact that when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor,
“A date that will live in infamy,”
And declared war on the United States, they drew us into WWII, the deadliest military conflict in history. For six years destruction, disease and starvation swept across all shores–all countries, causing an estimated 80 million deaths.
On December 7th take a moment to remember and thank all the brave men and women who served in World War II, in the Pacific and European Theaters and at home. And give a nod of appreciation to those brave men and women who continue in their footsteps.
Above all, hold to the truth that, at all costs, there should never be another world war.
Sailors honoring those who died in the attack on Koneohe Naval Air Station – December 7, 1941.
In the fall of 1941, a young U.S. Navy Ensign, Richard McNees, had time on his hands while he waited at the San Diego Naval Base to be shipped to Hawaii for duty. Originally from Salem, Oregon, then Washington State, Dick had just completed his training at the navy’s boot camp in Great Lakes, situated in northern Chicago. Restless, he spent his three weeks back on the West Coast reading navy regulations on how to handle top secret information. Boredom was directing his future.
Being a Sunday, at 7:00 a.m. the morning of December 7, 1941, most of the sailors were still in bed. Dick and three others were in the mess hall enjoying their breakfast as the duty officers were returning from their scouting missions in their PBY’s. They had canvased the southern portion of the island and were back to give their reports. The first two pilots sauntered in, relaxed, it had been a beautiful sunrise with the ghost of the full moon suspended over the Pali Mountains. But then the third scout arrived breathless. Ensign Bill Tanner, commander of a PBY, had patrolled the shore to the north of Pearl Harbor and spotted a submerged submarine. He dropped a depth charge which brought the sub to the surface, and radioed in his findings. (Later it would be discovered that the USS Ward, patrolling nearby, received the transmission and sunk the Japanese Ko-hyoteki class two-man midget submarine as it was attempting to enter Pearl Harbor.)
As a fighter pilot, Dick led formations in several battles. He survived the battles of Midway, Tinian, Le Shima, (now Lejima), Iwo Jima, where his brother was going ashore as a navy seal, and Okinawa, to mention a few. His career spanned 35 years and he flew over 40 different types of planes.